Beta 57A | 58A (same mic, different grille ball) are super cardioid and have less bass and more treble than the SM58 and SM57, the Beta is thinner sounding so it suits more live stage vocals rather than recording and spoken word.
Another great super cardioid is the sE V7, it has more extended and better sounding high frequency range but also has more handling noise than the SM58.
The Beyerdynamic M88 is 400$, has a slight 3kHz push compared to the SM58, but it's a smoother and thicker sounding mic, great for thinner or screaming voices.
I don't have the very popular Sennheiser e935 but according to frequency response graphs they sound like the Beta's and have less bass response than the SM58, also suits more a live stage rather than recording.
Here's the truth, in a recording environment I can make these sound the same with EQ.
If you want to play it safe just get an SM58, every sound guy knows how to make them sound good in every situation.
Lamb of God's Sacrament album vocals are entirely SM58.